Millipedes

Characteristics, Habits, and Geography

Millipedes have slightly flattened or cylindrical bodies made up of many segments, and can range from 1/12 of an inch to 11 inches in length. Unlike centipedes, which have one pair of legs per segment, millipedes typically have two pairs of legs per segment. However, despite the fact that the name “millipede” suggests that these creatures have 1,000 legs, in reality, they can have as few as 11 or as many as 750 legs, and most common species have between 36 and 400 legs. They are generally black or brown, although some unusual varieties can be brightly colored.

Not only do millipedes have more legs per segment than centipedes, but they are also move much more slowly. As a result, they cannot depend upon speed to escape from predators, and so if threatened will instead curl up into a tight ball if threatened. A few varieties can also exude poisonous liquids which are harmful to ants and other insect predators, although these substances are unlikely to cause more than mild irritation to humans, unless the poison comes into contact with a sensitive area such as an eye, in which case they have been known to cause conjunctivitis.

Most millipedes feed on decaying organic matter, such as rotting leaves and wood, although some species also eat insects and earthworms as well. They require moist conditions, and can be found in grass clippings, mulch, rotting firewood, or in the ground. Millipedes are adept burrowers, and, moving their bodies in a wave-like manner, will force their heads into the ground to create tunnels. They will generally not stray far into homes, where conditions are too dry for them to exist for any length of time.

Damage Signs

The effect that millipedes have on their environment is generally beneficial, as they break down dead plant matter. However, when they are present in large numbers, they can damage seedlings, ripening fruit, and roots and leaves of plants. Damage signs include plants that have stems that have been stripped of their outer layers, and uneven damage to plant leaves.

Control

Homeowners looking to prevent millipede infestations should remove millipede hiding places such as rotting logs, compost piles, and leaves from the area around the house. In the case of an especially large infestation, homeowners may wish to use insecticides or to call in a licensed pest removal company.

Sourced from: mypestprevention.com