Mosquitoes

Characteristics, Habits, and Geography

Mosquitoes go through four stages of life: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. They begin their lives in standing water, where female mosquitoes lay their eggs. They can hatch in bodies of water ranging from salt marshes to puddles. After entering the larva stage, they remain in the water, using a breathing tube, or siphon, located at the tip of their abdomens in order to gain air. At this stage they have long bodies with no legs, and well-developed heads with mouth brushes. They propel themselves through the water by wriggling their bodies, and feed off bacteria, algae, and microorganisms found near the surface of the water.

In the pupa stage, the head and thorax of the mosquitoes are merged, creating what is known as a cephalothorax. The pupae remain in the water, and are much less active than they were in the larval stage, not even feeding. They breathe through a respiratory tube in the cephalothorax, and come to the surface frequently.

After a period of 5-14 days, the mosquitoes are full grown, and leave the water. As adults, they are approximately 3/5 of an inch in length, and have six delicate legs, two transparent wings, and bodies composed of head, thorax, and abdomen. On their heads they possess antennae, two compound eyes, and a mouth consisting of sensory palps and a stinger-like proboscis used for feeding. They live in cool, damp areas near water. Male mosquitoes feed on nectar and sugars, but females require an additional meal of blood in order to gain enough protein to begin the egg-laying process.

Mosquitoes possess an astonishing array of sensors used to locate food. Chemical sensors alert them to the presence of lactic acid and carbon dioxide from distances of up to 100 feet away. Heat sensors allow them to detect the presence of warm-blooded mammals. Visual sensors help them detect moving objects, and spot objects that stand out from their backgrounds. As a result, people are easy targets for the insects, and often find themselves harassed by mosquitoes looking for their next meal.

Mosquitoes are found in locations throughout the world, although they are most prevalent in areas near standing water.

Damage Signs

Mosquito bites, which cause redness, swelling, and itchiness, are common. While these bites often produce no other ill effects, mosquitoes can transmit diseases, including yellow fever, malaria, dengue fever, and encephalitis. This happens when they bite an infected individual, and then spread that person’s disease by biting another, previously uninfected individual. Additionally, mosquitoes congregate in swarms, and often annoy individuals trying  to enjoy outdoor activities.

Control

Methods to control the annoyance caused by mosquitoes include insect repellent, fly swatters, citronella candles, and bug zappers. Homeowners looking to prevent mosquitoes from gathering in or near their homes should empty any unnecessary containers of standing water in their yards and  homes, and install window screens.

Sourced from: mypestprevention.com